Emulsified
oil are serving as lubricant as well as coolant
in various metal industries such as steel
making and metal cutting. Disposal of emulsified
fluid is a very tough environmental pollution
issue. It has high COD and oil/water fully
emulsified. Conventional bio-chemical treatment
consumes large amount of chemicals and high
running cost yet still requires multiple post-treatment
steps. The disposal of solid cake will ultimately
contaminate underground water. Conventional
membrane treatment faces low flux and severe
fouling issues. VSEP can simplify treatment
process. It has high anti-fouling ability
and high recovery ratio. Concentrate can be
put as fuel and permeate can achieve discharge
standard.
In
oil exploration, most oil wells are forcing
plenty of fresh water into earth crust to
force oil out. The water-to-oil ratio could
come to 10:1 or even higher. Water coming
out is heavily contaminated by crude oil and
polymers, therefore huge amount of produced
water need to be treated. At present, plenty
of existing technologies can achieve discharge
requirement. However, most oil fields face
severe water shortage. They urgently require
re-injection due to water shortage and pollution.
Most oil fields are or will soon become low
in permeability. The purity of water is directly
affecting the permeatability of earth for
further exploration. Therefore, high quality
treatment is absolutely required to prevent
spoiling earth crust. VSEP works together
with some basic low cost equipment can achieve
high quality of recycled water in term of
particle diameter and oil level. Because of
its small footprint and lightweight, VSEP
is particularly suitable for offshore oil
rigs.
Landfill
leachate is a complex and highly concentrated
organic wastewater. If not properly treated,
it will create serious pollution. Leachate is
a landfill fluid coming from rainfall and garbage
itself. Usually it has high level of CODcr,
BOD5, heavy metals and ammonia-nitride.
Micro organisms and nutrients are out of balance.
At
early stage of landfill life, bacteria digestion
together with membrane, which commonly called
MBR, can increase the MLSS concentration 3 times.
High MLSS can uplift the overall performance
of leachate treatment. However, membrane fouling
is the major obstacle of MBR. Turbulence created
by air blowing is applied to clean membrane
surface, which is high in energy consumption
but not effective. VSEP, which has high anti-fouling
ability and high recovery ratio, can improve
this process. This new process is called VMBR.
At
later stage of landfill life, when BOD drops,
biological process cannot work properly, VSEP
can directly filter leachate to discharge standard.
The concentrate can be handled by incineration.
In mould making industry, strong dielectric
strength, high fluidity oil is used to promote
electrical discharge and to wash away metal
particles in small gap. After prolonged usage,
oil becomes full of metal and/or graphite particles.
These particles lower the dielectric strength
and limit the ability to further carry away
particles. Also, the particles are too fine
to be centrifuged or filter by conventional
filtration element. VSEP, which has anti-fouling
ability, can recycle spent EDM oil.
Disposal
of emulsified cutting fluid is a very tough
environmental pollution issue. It has high
COD and well mixed with water. Intensive treatment
to discharge standard is costly. Ultra-filtration
(UF) is a feasible solution to recycle the
water avoiding discharge. If source and type
of cutting fluid is isolated, permeate after
UF can be reused as same cutting fluid mixing
water. Conventional membrane treatment faces
low flux and severe fouling issues. VSEP has
high anti-fouling ability, high recovery ratio,
simple operation. Concentrate can be efficiently
incinerated. No chemicals is added and water
can be recycled.
Backwash
process is necessary in many sand filter operations
for maintaining filtration efficiency and
performance. These backwash water, with high
S.S., would be discharged back to reservoir
and would induce accumulation of heavy metals
and sands at the bottom of the reservoir.
The increase in heavy metals and suspensed
solids in the feed water from the reservoir
would enter the sand filter again and resulting
in more frequent backwashing.
Centrifuge
or filter press could be applied for handling
the high S.S. concentration backwash water.
However, the treated water still could not
be directly reused due to the high S.S. concentration
in the filtrate / centrate (usually > 100ppm).
In order to further reduce the solid content,
the wastewater after solid treatment will
be treated by the conventional membrane filtration
for direct water reuse. Fouling would be a
major issue due to the high S.S. concentration
in the feed. VSEP can minimize fouling by
creating strong shear force on membrane surface.
Because of small footprint, VSEP is particular
suitable for water treatment plant upgrading.
Dunwell
adopts a type of polymeric nanoparticles,
which is developed by The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, and successfully applies in wastewater
treatment. These novel nanoparticles can effectively
adsorb most of recalcitrant organic and inorganic
contaminants in wastewater. The saturated
nanoparticles containing the adsorbed contaminants
can be separated by using VSEP, the vibrating
membrane system, and then easily regenerated
for multiple uses without affecting their
adsorption capacity for the targeted compounds.
Emulsified
oil are serving as lubricant as well as coolant
in various metal industries such as steel
making and metal cutting. Disposal of emulsified
fluid is a very tough environmental pollution
issue. It has high COD and oil/water fully
emulsified. Conventional bio-chemical treatment
consumes large amount of chemicals and high
running cost yet still requires multiple post-treatment
steps. The disposal of solid cake will ultimately
contaminate underground water. Conventional
membrane treatment faces low flux and severe
fouling issues. VSEP can simplify treatment
process. It has high anti-fouling ability
and high recovery ratio. Concentrate can be
put as fuel and permeate can achieve discharge
standard.
In
oil exploration, most oil wells are forcing
plenty of fresh water into earth crust to
force oil out. The water-to-oil ratio could
come to 10:1 or even higher. Water coming
out is heavily contaminated by crude oil and
polymers, therefore huge amount of produced
water need to be treated. At present, plenty
of existing technologies can achieve discharge
requirement. However, most oil fields face
severe water shortage. They urgently require
re-injection due to water shortage and pollution.
Most oil fields are or will soon become low
in permeability. The purity of water is directly
affecting the permeatability of earth for
further exploration. Therefore, high quality
treatment is absolutely required to prevent
spoiling earth crust. VSEP works together
with some basic low cost equipment can achieve
high quality of recycled water in term of
particle diameter and oil level. Because of
its small footprint and lightweight, VSEP
is particularly suitable for offshore oil
rigs.
Landfill
leachate is a complex and highly concentrated
organic wastewater. If not properly treated,
it will create serious pollution. Leachate is
a landfill fluid coming from rainfall and garbage
itself. Usually it has high level of CODcr,
BOD5, heavy metals and ammonia-nitride.
Micro organisms and nutrients are out of balance.
In mould making industry, strong dielectric
strength, high fluidity oil is used to promote
electrical discharge and to wash away metal
particles in small gap. After prolonged usage,
oil becomes full of metal and/or graphite particles.
These particles lower the dielectric strength
and limit the ability to further carry away
particles. Also, the particles are too fine
to be centrifuged or filter by conventional
filtration element. VSEP, which has anti-fouling
ability, can recycle spent EDM oil.
Disposal
of emulsified cutting fluid is a very tough
environmental pollution issue. It has high
COD and well mixed with water. Intensive treatment
to discharge standard is costly. Ultra-filtration
(UF) is a feasible solution to recycle the
water avoiding discharge. If source and type
of cutting fluid is isolated, permeate after
UF can be reused as same cutting fluid mixing
water. Conventional membrane treatment faces
low flux and severe fouling issues. VSEP has
high anti-fouling ability, high recovery ratio,
simple operation. Concentrate can be efficiently
incinerated. No chemicals is added and water
can be recycled.
Backwash
process is necessary in many sand filter operations
for maintaining filtration efficiency and
performance. These backwash water, with high
S.S., would be discharged back to reservoir
and would induce accumulation of heavy metals
and sands at the bottom of the reservoir.
The increase in heavy metals and suspensed
solids in the feed water from the reservoir
would enter the sand filter again and resulting
in more frequent backwashing.
在鋼鐵業的冷軋過程中，經常會使用到大量的潤滑冷卻液，其所產生的乳化廢水是極難處理的化學污染。以一般中型鋼廠為例，平均每天的污水處理量為2-3m3，COD含量高達121,500。現行的處理方法普遍面對著投葯量高、污泥量高、不達標及不能回用等問題。
電鍍業是重污染行業之一，正面臨減排和搬廠的重大壓力。由於電鍍前，所有工件必需進行除油或進一步除臘的工序，這些過程所產生的污水COD含量高，無回收價值，且難於處理。加葯絮凝、汽浮或生物消化等處理方法也難於達標排放。
Dunwell
adopts a type of polymeric nanoparticles,
which is developed by The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, and successfully applies in wastewater
treatment. These novel nanoparticles can effectively
adsorb most of recalcitrant organic and inorganic
contaminants in wastewater. The saturated
nanoparticles containing the adsorbed contaminants
can be separated by using VSEP, the vibrating
membrane system, and then easily regenerated
for multiple uses without affecting their
adsorption capacity for the targeted compounds.
在線路板生產工藝中，顯影是用光化學原理，把線路影像投射在塑料乾膜上，乾膜受光部份使用適當濃度的碳酸鈉溶解，露出銅箔，當碳酸鈉的濃度續漸下降，顯影廢液便排到污水廠。顯影工序完成後進行鍍銅工序，把銅箔加厚。加厚完成後便把剩餘的乾膜除去，稱為退膜。退膜工序使用適當濃度氫氧化鈉把乾膜溶解，當氫氧化鈉的濃度續漸下降，廢退膜液也排到污水廠。排往污水廠的顯影廢液和廢退膜液中，還有85%以上的碳酸鈉和氫氧化鈉未被使用。這股廢水主要含有溶解的乾膜、碳酸鈉和氫氧化鈉，因此COD比較高。